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The Greatest Show on Earth
The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sport in the world.Every four years,a hun-dred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports.For the winners,there are gold medals and glory.But there is honor,too,for all who compete,win or lose.That is in spirit of the Olym- pics-to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action.The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track.The custom is for the Greek team to march in first.For it was in Greece that the Olympics began.The team of the country where the
Games are being held-the host country-marches in last.
The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame.A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors.The judges and officials also take an oath.After the sportsmen march out of the stadium,the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competitions begin the next day.There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games .The rule is that there must be at least fifteen.The main events are in track and field,but it is a few days before these sports start.Each day the competitors take part in a different sportriding,shooting,swimming,and cross-country running.Points are gained bor each event.Medals are awarded for the individual winners and bor national teams.
More and more women are taking part in tne games. They firsi competed in 1900,in tennis and golf,which are no longer held in the Olympics.Women's swimming events were introduced in 1912.But it was not until 1 928 that there were any track and field events for women.Now,they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports.In horse riding,shooting,and boat racing,they may compete in the same events as the men.
When did women start taking part in Olympic Games?
A: In 1912.
B: In 1900.
C: In 1928.
D: In 1924.

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第一篇
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alcohol,tobacco,and drugs.Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths.One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less violence even in poor neighborhoods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of after-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relationships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.
Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older cililciren and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.F'arents may ieei uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the traditional child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
What can we infer from the passage?
A:Teenagers tend to stay at their friends' houses for a long time.
B:Relationships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths.
C:The after-school programs can be used for many different kids.
D:Teenagers do not like the after-school programs.

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Travelling Is My Life
1. I am very fortunate.I am now a much-travelled woman,but until I was 20 I had never been anywhere more remote than Londan .And coming from a country village in the far south I was struck by the architectural beauty of the capital.I understood immediately why foreign tourists descend on it in their thousands.
2. The first time I traveled abroad was when I went over to France on a cross Channel ferry.It was a school trip to Paris for a week,and I thought it was wonderful.The sights,the sounds,the smells,the language-they were all wonderful. I had never experienced anything like it,and the week had a profound effect on me.It gave me the travel bug!
3. As a young girl I was always shy of strangers.I certainly had no plans to travel a lot.I left school and trained as a journalist on a local paper.and somehow slowly began to concentrate on travel .I had a procession of jobs before I got this one with the magazine.Although I still write articles on other subjects,my main occupation now is writing travel and tourism.
4. I can appreciate now why tourists go halfway across the world to visit a place.I was brought up in the vicinity of a major British tourist attraction,but never went there myself and couldn't understand foreign visitors.You read about something halfway across the world and want to see it for yourself. I remember that was just why I went walking in the Himalayas and looked up at Everest, and why I went on a strange but wonderful cruise in the Antarctic .You can read about a place,but it is totally different to be there,to see,feel,smell and hear everything yourself.
5. Perhaps not surprisingly I have been to a lot of popular tourist resorts in Europe,Africa,the Far East and the West Indies,for example.But I like to try and find those unknown,inaccessible places-not only for myself,but also for people who want something different. Sometimes it's frightening .I remember visiting a village on the side of a steep hill in Bolivia where the inhabitants stood motionless as I walked in and didn't move until I walked out.
6. The career of the previous travel writer on the magazine I work for now came to an abrupt end when he quite simply disappeared somewhere in South America.He was on a special journey and had told someone at his hotel that he had found a native to ferry him up a river to some remote villages in the jungle.Nothing has been heard from him since then.One day I'd like to try and find out what happened to him.
This is an article that______.
A: those unexpected,unknown and inaccessible places.
B: a travel writer for a famous magazine tells us a little about her life and profession
C: never been anywhere
D: a journalist on a local paper
E: been to London the remotest place for me at that time
F: tells us some interesting tourist resorts all over the world

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第一篇
Sleepless at Night
It was a normal summer night.Humidity（濕氣）hung in the thick air.
I couldn't go to sleep,partly because of my cold and partly because of my expectations
for the next day.My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a surprise.
Sweat stuck to my aching body.Finally,I gathered enough strength to sit up.I looked
out of my small window into the night.There was a big bright moon hanging in the sky,
giving off a magic glow.
I couldn't stand the pressure anymore,so I did what I always do to make myself feel
better.I went to the bathroom and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste.I cleaned my
teeth as if there was no tomorrow.Back and forth,up and down.
Then I walked downstairs to look for some signs of movement,some life.Gladiator,
my cat , frightened me as he meowed（喵喵地唱出）his sad song.He was on the old
orange couch（長沙發）,sitting up on his front legs, waiting for something to happen.He
looked at me as if to say, " I'm lonely, pet me.I need a good hug（緊抱）."Even the
couch begged me to sit on it.
In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch.This couch represented my
parents' marriage,my birth,and hundreds of other little events.
As I held Gladiator,my heart started beating heavily.My mind was flooded with
questions:What's life?Am I really alive?Are you listening to me?Every time I moved my
hand down Gladiator's body,I had a new thought;each touch sang a different song.
I forgot all about the heat and the next day's surprise.The atmosphere was so full of
warmth and silence that I sank into its arms.Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms,I
felt all my worries slowly move away.
What was the weather like that night?
A:It was chilly.
B:It was windy.
C:It was fine.
D:It was cloudy.

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What We Take From and Give to the Sea
As long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take things from the ocean,and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean-millions of kilograms of fish,every year,to feed millions of people.______(46)We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates.______(47) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.
Other gifts from the sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.______(48)
Seaweed becomes food of many kinds-even candy,and ice cream-as well as medicine.Believe it or not,fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water.______(49)
But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future,we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts .What do we give the sea?
Garbage.______(50)Huge as it is,the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.Yet as the world population grows,we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea,we might also destroy ourselves.Hopeful-ly,it is not too late.
______(47)
A: Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B: We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C: The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D: Along with salt,other minerals are left after evaporation.
E: We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F: Some of its contents may cause illness.

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Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say.Whenever she put on
makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small
electronic gadget（裝置）.The following “human” translation appears on its screen: “Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3) The translation is done in the gadget using a da-tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happiness,sad-ness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”.______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(1)
A:A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B:Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C:This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D:More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E:Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F:Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.

A. disclosing B. explaining C. expressing D. exposing

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第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to________.
A:call on scientists to take some actions
B:criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
C:warn of the doom of biomedical research
D:show the triumph of the animal rights movement

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Pop Music in Africa
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music.The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae.The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African.It is different also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians.He grew up in Nairobi,Kenya,in a family of musicians.As a teenager,he listened to pop music from the United States,and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.Now he has produced a CD in Kenya.Eric's most popular song,“Land of‘A Little Something'”is about Kenya's problem of bribery,or paying others for illegal favors.He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania.Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.At the age of fifteen she lost her home,but she was luckier than other homeless young people.She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street.By the time she was eighteen years old,she had become a star.Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.
Baaba Maal,from Senegal,also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment.He says that in Senegal,storytellers have always been important people.In the past,they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive.Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility.They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better.The words of his songs are important,in fact.They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans,as well as the rights of women,love for one's family, and saving the environment.
One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie.She is sometimes com-pared to Madonna,the American pop star,because she likes to shock people in her shows.But she also likes to make people think.She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid.Now that apartheid has ended,her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life.To sing about these,she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
In recent years,people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians.Through music,the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and,at the same time,influencing the rest of the world.
This passage is about how African pop music is______.
A:usually about love and romance
B:more serious than most pop music
C:popular with young people in Africa
D:mostly written just for entertainment

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Brotherly Love
Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a centuly.
Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes,World Cup-winning football heroes,Muhammad
Ali,hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world.But the story of these two companies begins
in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach,Germany.
Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker. They loved sports but complained that they
could never find comfortable shoes to play in.Rudolph always said,"You cannot play sports wearing shoes
that you'd walk around town with."So they started making their own.In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of
athletic shoes with spikes（釘）,produced on the Dasslers'kitchen table.
On 1st July 1924 they formed a shoe company,Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many
years.The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germany's athletes at the 1928 and
1932 Olympic Games.
But in 1948 the brothers argued.No one knows exactly what happened,but family members have sug-
gested that the argument was about money or women.The result was that Adolph left the company.His nick-
name was Adi,and using this and the first three letters of the family name,Dassler,he founded Adidas.
Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company,too.At first he wanted to
call it Ruda,but eventually he called it Puma,after the wild cat.The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat
has hardly changed since.
After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies
have now been in competition for over sixty years.Both companies were for many years the market leaders,
though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma.A hip hop group,Run DMC,has even written。
song called"My Adidas"and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok,another big sports shoe company.
The terrible family argument should really be forgotten,but ever since it happened,over sixty years
ago,the town has been split into two.Even now,some Adidas employees and Puma employees don't talk to
each other.
The brothers'father was a ball maker.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

The company issuesan annual report every March.
A: a long
B: a yearly
C: a financial
D: a product

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A New Citizenship Test
1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship（公民身份）exam was released by the
US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US-CIS).It will be tried out in 10 cities early next
year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has,
as the current test does,the new one asks why there are 13 stripes.Instead of having to
name the branches of government,an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.
2 "The goal is to make it more meaningful,"explains Emilio Gonzalez,director of the US-
CIS.Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better"understanding and respect"for
US civic（公民的）values, Gonzalez says.
3 The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a"shared
commitment"from immigrants for their adopted country's"values".In recent years,in
addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status,several
European countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenship test
last November.In March,a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to
take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude（裸體的）women bathing
at beaches and gay（同性戀的）men kissing in public.The aim was to ensure that
"newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores（風俗）".
4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But,today,the fact is
that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to
each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries,after
the rioting in Muslim ghettoes（少數民族聚居區）in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by
religious extremists.
5 Officials believe that a person's attachment to a country can be tested by his or her
knowledge of the country.However,some critics say that the changes can do little to help
people assimilate（同化）themselves."Immigration is a culture war today.Is giving a new
test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?"says Ali Noorani,of the
Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition（難民辯護聯盟）.
Paragraph 5________
A:Preparation for taking a citizenship test
B:Citizenship tests in European countries
C:Importance of promoting integration
D:Necessity to know the branches of government
E:Different views on the new citizenship test
F:Goal of the new citizenship test

The war was over,but the whole country was in a state of disorder.
A:confusion
B:disagreement
C:disappearance
D:disaster

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Earth Angels



1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts（煙頭）were littering her home-

town beach in Isle of Palms,South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a

cigarette to disintegrate,she decided to take action.Joying Liunched a"No Butts on the Beach"campaign.

She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean.With the help of others,Joying

also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets.The buckets were filled with sand,

and placed at all public-access areas of the beach.The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes

before hitting the beach.Two years later,Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of

cigarette debris（殘片）.

2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs,Colorado,have Carter Dunham to thank for a new

state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.Carter and other

students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part Of a class project

when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School.Working with the Colorado Division of

Wildlife,Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made

decisions about,among other things,where fences and parking areas should be built.

3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil.It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the

girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria,Texas.They did some research

and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water一a real danger in rural areas,where people live off the

water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil一recycling company

on the issue. Now,the"Don't Be Crude" program runs oil-collection sites一tanks that hold up to 460 gal-

lons一where people in the community can dispose of their oil.

4 Five years ago,11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream:for all the people in Af-

rica to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying

because they didn't have clean water,and that as little as $70 could build a well."We really take water

for granted,"says Ryan,of Kemptville,Ontario,in Canada."In other countries,you have to plan for it."

Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores（零工）,but with the help of others, he has since

raised

hundreds of thousands of dollars.His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation,which raises

money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
Disposed oil and many other items can he reused to__________.
A:make new materials
B:preserve wetland and animals
C:have clean air
D:have clean water
E:collect cigarette butts
F:collect disposed oil

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The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown,they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create.______(46)In middle age,many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities:one is to look after their agingparents,and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world,there are millions of people who are"sandwiched"in between the older and the younger generations.
Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household-a situation that is common inmany Asian countries and in some parts of Europe.In other cases,a couple may be taking care of parentsand children,but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation.First,people are living longer than they used to.In the early nineteenth century , the average life expectancy（預期壽命）for adalts in the United States,for example,was about 40,whereas today people live to an average age of 75.______(47)Thesecond reason is that these days,young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in thepast.This is often for financial reasons.It's also more common for today's young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.
______(48)They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot.They may have to managetheir parents'financial and legel affairs.They may have to prepare for their parents'future needs,such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home.This can be a traumatic（使人不快的）experience for everyone.
Caring for adalt children presents challenges as well,and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone's privacy?______（49)
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.However,this time in life also has its rewards.______(50)It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend moretime with them.However,in order to survive this difficult period in their lives,the members of the sandwichgeneration must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives.They can't be totally seffless.
______（46)
A:Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.
B:Therefore,children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time.
C:People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues.
D:Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life.
E:However,the reality is often very different.
F:It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one's parents or children.

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Canadian Parents Win Legal Battle against Homework
Usually it is the children,not the parents,who are reluctant to spend their evenings practicing spelling and learning times tables,______(1)
Shelli and Tom Milley,two lawyers from Calgary,Alberta,launched their highly unu-sual case after years of struggling to make their three reluctant children do school work out of classroom.After waging a long war with their eldest son,Jay,now 18,over his home-work,they decided to do things differently with their youngest two,Spencer,11,and Brittany,10.______(2)
It took two years to negotiate the Milleys'Differentiated Homework Plan,which en-sures their youngest two children will never have to do homework again at their current school.______(3)In return,the pupils promise to get their work down in class,to come to school prepared,and revise for tests.They must also read daily and practice their musical instruments at home.
“It was a constant homework battle every night,”Shelli told Canada 's Globe and Mail newspaper.“______(4)They shouldn't be working a second shift.”
Two years ago,Shelli began collecting studies on homework,most of which suggest that,particularly for younger grades,there is no clear link between work at home and school performance.Working with the staff at St Brigid Elementary Junior School,she formed a homework committee.______(5)
“We think it's a parent's right to choose what's in our children's best interests”,said Shelli.“But we're thankful the school did the right thing.”
______(2)
A:Homework is becoming a big burden for children.
B:But a Canadian couple have just won a legal battle to free their offspring from home-work after successfully arguing there is no clear evidence it improves academic perform-ance。
C:When no firm changes resulted from the committee,the couple began negotiating the legal document that decided the matter.
D:It is hard to get a weeping child to take in math problems.
E:And being lawyers,they decided to make it official.
F:The two-page plan, signed by the children, parents and teachers, stipulates（約定） that“homework will not be used as a form of evaluation for the children”.

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第二篇
One一Room Schools
One-room sohools are part of the heritage of the United States,and the mention of them makeo PeoPle
feel a longing for"the way things were".One-room schools are an endangered species,however.For more
than a hundred years,one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to
centralized schools.As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States.By 1970
there werel,800.Today,of the nearly 800 remaining one-room schools,more than 350 are in Nebraska.The
rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide-open spaces between towns.
Now that there are hardly any left,educators are beginning to think that maybe there 15 something yet to
be leamed from one-room schools,something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today.Progres-
sive educators have come uP with progressive-sounding names like"peer-group teaching"and"multi-age
grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in one-room schools.In a one-room school the chil-
dren teach each other because the teacher 15 busy part of the time teaching someone else.A fourth grader can
work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the bad name associated with
being left back or the pressures of being skiPped ahead.A youngster with a learning disability can find his or
her own level without being separated from the other pupils.A few hours in a small school that has only one
classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is
that their children have to go to a one-room school.
A major characteristic of the one-room school system is that___________.
A:learning is not limited to one grade level
B:pupils mostly study math and English
C:some children have to be left back
D:teachers are always busy

共用題干
Messages from the Media
1.The weather forecast,a story about the candidates in an election,and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium , of which the plural（復數的） form is media,is a means of communicating a message.Examples of media are television,radio, newspapers and books and the telephone.The media that can reach many people at once are callemass media.
2.It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them.Think about advertisements,for example.We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go.Advertisements are important messages,even though they are sometimes annoying.They help us compare and evaluate products.
3.Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events.Do you depend on other people or the media?What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,"Television".
4.Think of all the messages you received today.Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards（露天廣告牌）on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning?Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication一a book.
5.We use the information we get from radio,television,newspapers and other media to make decisions and form opinions.That is why the mass media are so important.Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote,consumer reports on television help up decide how to spend our money,and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.
The mass media are important to us because they shape________.
A:sports news
B:our decisions and opinions
C:mass communication
D:our messages
E:source of information
F: the mass media

共用題干
第一篇
TV Shows and Long Bus Trips
Long bus rides are like televisions shows.They have a beginning,a middle,and an end一with commercials
thrown in every three or four minutes.The commercials are unavoidable.They happen whether you want
them or not.Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window."Buy Super Clean
Toothpaste.""Drink Good'n'Wet Root Beer.""Fill up with Pacific Gas."Only if you sleep,which is
equal to turning the television set off,are you spared the unending cry of"You Need It!Buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting,even if you've traveled that way
before.Usually some things have changed一new houses,new buildings,sometimes even a new road.The
bus driver has a style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so.If the driver is particu-
larly reckless or daring,the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story.Will the driver pass the truck in
time?Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand?After a while,of course.the excitement dies
down.Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride.Food always makes bus rides more
interesting.But you've got to be careful of what kind of food you eat.Too much salty food can make you
very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning.You know it will soon be over and there's a kind of
expectation and excitement in that.The seat,of course,has become harder as the hours have passed.By
now you've sat with your legs crossed,with your hands in your lap,with your hands on the arm rests一even
with your hands crossed behind your head.The end comes just at the right time.There are just no more
ways to sit.
The writer of this passage would probably favor_______________.
A:bus drivers who weren't reckless
B:driving alone
C:a television set on the bus
D:no billboards along the road

共用題干
Estee Lauder Died
1 The child of Central European immigrants who created an international cosmetics（化妝
品）empire and became one of the most influential women in US,has died on Saturday.
Estee Lauder died at her home in Manhattan,New York City,a company spokeswoman
said.She was 97.
2 Born in Queens,New York in 1908,Lauder was the daughter of a Hungarian mother
and a Czech father.
3 Lauder began her business career by selling skincare products developed by her uncle
John Schotz, a chemist, to beauty salons（美容院）and hotels.In 1930, she married
Joseph Lauder who became her partner.The company,which became known as Estee
Lauder,took oft after World War Ⅱ.
4 In 1953,the company introduced its first perfume（香水）,Youth Dew, the first of a
range of fragrances that has now grown to more than 70.They include:Aramis,a line of
products for men, launched in 1964; and Clinique, a range of odourless（無臭的）
cosmetics,which followed in 1968.
5 By the time she retired in 1995,Lauder was presiding over a multibillion-dollar
enterprise,which now ranks number 349 in the Fortune 500 list of largest US companies.
In 1998,she was the only woman to feature in Time magazine's selection of the 20 most
important business geniuses of the last century.There were two secrets to her success:
her gift for selling things and her tireless energy and determination never to accept second
best.
6 Even after her retirement at the age of 89,Lauder remained closely involved.Beauty,
Lauder believed,was the most important thing in life.
7 She wrote in her 1985 autobiography,"Estee,a Success Story":"In a perfect world,
we'd all be judged on the sweetness of our souls.But in our less than perfect world,the
woman who looks pretty has a distinct advantage and,usually,the last word."
Paragraph 3_________
A:Early career
B:Childood
C:Products
D:Retirement
E:Cosmetics empress
F:Birth